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Heptapleurum actinophyllum

(Endl.) Lowry & G.M.Plunkett (2020)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Apiales Family: Araliaceae Genus: Heptapleurum

octopus tree, rubber tree, umbrella plant, umbrella tree

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Trees, occasionally epiphytic, 10–15 m tall, secretory canals present in most parts.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves compound (palmate). Alternate. Leaflets 5–18, elliptic to obovate, the largest ones 15–30 cm long. Apex caudate-acuminate to rounded or emarginate. Blades subcoriaceous. Leaflet margins entire. Petioles expanded into a sheath at base, leaflets petiolate; Petioles (20–)35–60 cm long. Stipules caudate, 5–10 cm long.

Flowers: Flowers sessile, 8–12 in heads, these numerous on stiff spreading branches 40–80n cm long. Inflorescence bright pinkish red throughout, paniculate. Peduncles 5–15 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Pedicels not jointed. Calyx small. Petals valvate, often calyptrate. Stamens usually as many as and alternate with the petals, istinct, inserted at the edge of the epigynous nectary disk. Ovary inferior, 8–30-carpellate; styles connate to form a truncate, conical stylopodium; stigmas sessile, forming a ring.

Fruit: Drupes dark purple to black at maturity; concrescent in subglobose multiple fruits. Seeds 1 per pyrene; embryo small.

Ploidy: 2n = 24; 48

Habitat: Widely cultivated outdoors as an ornamental in other tropical areas and indoors in many temperate regions. naturalized in relatively low elevation; mesic; disturbed areas.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Only found in cultivation
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Birds

Pollinators

Specimens

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Notes

  • Description digitized by Pumehana Imada
  • Native to Australia and New Guinea. Grown as a pot plant and in gardens since about 1900 (Degener & Greenwell, 1951a). Schefflera actinophylla is easily recognized by its large, palmately compound leaves and distinctive pinkish red inflorescence an

Bibliography

Name Published In: Novon 28: 146 (2020)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:232 (K, O, M, H [as Schefflera actinophylla]); Staples et al. 2002:5 (Mo); Staples & Herbst 2005:137 (DESCR); Oppenheimer 2007:19 (L); Lowry & Plunkett 2020:146 (COMBNOV, Syn. S. actinophylla = H. actinophyllum)

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, Vols. 1 and 2 (No. Edn 2). University of Hawai'i and Bishop Museum Press.

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Heptapleurum actinophyllum University of Hawaii Campus Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620523001 Oahu BISH 1962-05-23
2 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Along the ridge trail starting at the old abandoned Mormon church and cemetary on the Kawa side Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 186 Oahu BISH 1972-08-18
3 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Little Jr., E.L. 31281 Oahu BISH 1976-09-25
4 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Honolulu, 622 Judd St., residence of A.F. Judd Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1930-11-12
5 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Manoa Valley: University of Hawaii Manoa Campus Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 609 Oahu BISH 1967-09-20
6 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Along the ridge trail starting at the old abandoned Mormon church and cemetary on the Kawa side Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 186 Oahu BISH 1972-08-18
7 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Honolulu, 622 Judd St., residence of A.F. Judd Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1930-11-12
8 Heptapleurum actinophyllum At the base of footpath trail to Kaluiwaa (Sacred Falls), outside Forest Reserve Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Oahu BISH 1978-03-21
9 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Honolulu, 622 Judd St., residence of A.F. Judd Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1930-11-12
10 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Mt. Tantalus, north side; Tree at side of trail (host of green orthotylus) Preserved_Specimen Gagné, W.C. Oahu BISH 1968-01-08
11 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Just leeward of summit along northern part of Kalepa Ridge Preserved_Specimen Corn, C. Kauai BISH 1977-07-21
12 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Koolau Range, 47-285 Pulama Rd., Kaneohe, Senator Fong's Plantation and Garden with Schefflera and Schinus; lowland mesic forest Preserved_Specimen Annable, C.R. 3044 Oahu BISH 1996-09-25
13 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Wailua Game Reserve plots stripmined for bauxite ore in 1958-60 Preserved_Specimen Howard, R.A. 20236 Kauai BISH 1985-10-20
14 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Wailua Game Reserve Bauxite test mine area; side of ridge just off test site Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1191 Kauai BISH 1985-08-24
15 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Kalaupapa National Historical Park, within the settlement area Mixed tropical tramp vegetation, planted in yards, etc. Preserved_Specimen Gagné, B.H. 3154 Molokai BISH 2000-09-17
16 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Mokolii One small plant on sheer wall on N side...was pulled. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5041911 Oahu BISH 2005-04-19
17 Heptapleurum actinophyllum East Maui, Hana District, Kauiki, on the E side of Hana Bay. Summit area Dominated by Casuarina planted in late 1930s but with numerous other alien species (Terminalia, Syzygium, Ardisia). Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2509 Maui BISH 1987-10-21
18 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Honolulu, UH damp, near sausage tree Preserved_Specimen Bessey, E.A. Oahu BISH 1940-01-04
19 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Lanai City Occasional in waste areas and yards. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 100634 Lanai BISH 2006-10-19
20 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Wailua Game Reserve Bauxite test mine area; side of ridge just off test site Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 1191 Kauai BISH 1985-08-24
21 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Kalaupapa; settlement, SE, behind houses weedy Preserved_Specimen Wysong, M.L. 773 Molokai BISH 2005-08-10
22 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Wailua Game Reserve plots stripmined for bauxite ore in 1958-60 Preserved_Specimen Howard, R.A. 20236 Kauai BISH 1985-10-20
23 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Kipapa Trail, ~2/3 mi from boundary, S side of trail, upslope disturbed wet lowland forest; Metrosideros, Acacia, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen Reynolds, L.S. 107 Oahu BISH 2006-07-06
24 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Kailua, private garden at 209 Oneawa Kai Place Volunteers that appeared in rain gutters on roof at back of house, located in shade of palms. Preserved_Specimen Staples, G.W. 1189 Oahu BISH 1999-10-10
25 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Honolulu, Kapalama, Kamehameha Girls' School Arboretum Cultivated. Preserved_Specimen Rankin, P. 14 Oahu BISH 1939-05-02
26 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Kalihi Valley Preserved_Specimen Higuchi, G.T. 14 Oahu BISH 1971-04-26
27 Heptapleurum actinophyllum East Maui, Hana District, Kauiki, on the E side of Hana Bay. Summit area Dominated by Casuarina planted in late 1930s but with numerous other alien species (Terminalia, Syzygium, Ardisia). Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2509 Maui BISH 1987-10-21
28 Heptapleurum actinophyllum Kahana Valley State Park Preserved_Specimen Annable, C.R. 3106 Oahu BISH 1996-11-04
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